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| Trends |
| The role of plant protection machinery |
| 2009-07-31 10:54:59 |
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(has been browse 401 times)
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Since human beings since the beginning of farming is facing the challenge of Diseases, Pests and Weeds of crops and agricultural production losses is well-known large. Therefore, Diseases, Pests and Weeds struggle with a persistent human task, since it is still the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of a serious subject. Experts around the world in half a century have held every few years the International Plant Protection Congress (International Congressof Plant Protection, referred to as ICPP) to co-response.
Diseases, Pests and Weeds struggle with the ways and means to take, from the most primitive to resort to the gods and manual control, to the subsequent spraying of chemical pesticides, which experienced a long history of stage and the exploration of a variety of ways, including biological methods, physical and mechanical methods, farming methods and chemical methods and integrated control methods.
When the great power of chemical pesticides were found, the chemical control techniques on the development of an unprecedented rate. Chemical pesticides so easily be the reason why farmers and accepted by government departments, and chemical pesticides on the two important characteristics: First, rapid, and the other is efficient. Diseases, Pests and Weeds also have two important characteristics: First, a wide range, and the other is the rapid reproduction. Only been recorded in some rodent pests of thousands of grass as much as an attempt to use non-chemical approach to the complete control of so many types of harmful organisms is impossible. Therefore, the chemical control law advanced by leaps and bounds and has maintained a strong vitality, so far, remains a man's Diseases, Pests and Weeds comprehensive prevention and treatment of the most effective, the most important means.
Plant protection machinery and pesticides, chemical control techniques, like one of the three pillars of prevention and treatment. In old China, plant protection machinery is almost a piece of white paper. The country each year as a result of losses caused by insects is as high as hundreds of food as much as 10 billion kilograms. After new China was founded the party and government to develop agriculture, plant protection machinery, chemical pesticides are mainly mechanical sprinkling facilities, is also by the mechanical application of relatively rapid development. During this period experienced by the imitation to their own design; by the human hand and small power sprayer to support the motor and plant protection machinery and supporting large and medium-sized tractor application machinery, as well as the comparison has been widely used application of agriculture, forestry, aviation technology.
With the rapid development of agriculture, efficient application of pesticides, as well as the requirements for the improvement of the living environment, pesticide application equipment and the use of technology is faced with new challenges. Pesticides on the environment and non-target effects of bio-social issues of concern to the use of pesticides and application equipment technology research faces two major issues: how to improve efficiency in the use of pesticides and effective utilization; how to avoid or reduce pesticides on non-target the impact of biological and environmental pollution. In recent years in agricultural production as a result has adopted a series of advanced measures, agricultural science and to the depth, breadth into the farming system changes to increase the multiple crop index, inter-cropping area expansion of winter crops, as well as the promotion of high-yielding varieties, increased application of pesticides On the one hand, agricultural production was a considerable degree of high-yielding, on the other hand, given the emergence of Diseases, Pests and Weeds have created favorable conditions for the occurrence of reproduction have also changed the law on a more serious threat to crops. This Fight Diseases, Pests and Weeds of the timeliness and reliability of equipment used in a more demanding, not only for plant protection machinery put forward a new topic, but also reflects the use of plant protection and development of machinery in agricultural production and agricultural development of science and technology plays an extremely important position.
In view of this, the development of modern agricultural production performance of a very strong dependence of plant protection machinery, modernization of agricultural production from the plant protection machinery can not. Plant protection machinery in addition to grain and cotton to ensure high yield, stable play a huge role, but also the protection of other economic crops, fruit trees, pasture health and epidemic prevention, etc., as well as an indispensable equipment, agricultural development and it has become an indispensable component of, is to promote China's an important factor in the modernization of agriculture.
(B) the classification of plant protection machinery
Plant protection machinery (mechanical application), many different types, as a result of pesticide formulations and a variety of crops, as well as ways and means of spraying different, determines a wide range of plant protection equipment. From small hand-held sprayer to the tractor or machine cited large-scale self-propelled sprayers; from ground-based spraying equipment mounted on aircraft to the air spray device, a variety of patterns.
Early classification of plant protection machinery and methods, usually by spraying pesticide formulation types, uses, power facilities, operation, means of delivery, such as carrying and classification.
1. By spraying pesticide formulations and uses are divided into spray machines, spray machines, smoke (smoke) machine, scattering grain machine, machine seed dressing, soil disinfection machine.
2. In accordance with classification of supporting power plant protection equipment is divided into human, animal plant protection equipment, small power plant protection equipment, mainframe primers or self-propelled plant protection equipment, air spraying devices.
3, according to the operation, carrying, carrying the human classification of plant protection equipment can be divided into hand-held, hand-style, linked to shoulder, shoulder style, chest linked, pedal-type, etc.; small power plant protection equipment can be divided into a stretcher-style, shoulder style , portable, cart-type, etc.; large-scale power plant protection equipment can be divided into the tractor, suspended, such as self-propelled.
In addition, for the aerosol can also be pressurized by means of the liquid and the structural characteristics of equipment classification. For example, before one-time liquid spray pressure, spray when the liquid pressure changes (decreases) as the compression of the aerosol spray, and some countries such as the automatic aerosol sprayers. Single-tube atomizer is characterized by its structure, there are a very small tube and the name of the pump.
After age 70, with the constant upgrading of pesticide spraying and in-depth study of technology, to improve the home and abroad a number of new spraying technology and application of new theory. A large number of experiments show that the droplet diameter, droplet diameter and size distribution, spray liquid concentration, measures the number of parameters such as the amount of fluid on the effect, the effective utilization of pesticides, and liquid droplet deposition in the target area greatly influenced the distribution of and thus give rise to a number of measures the amount of fluid, droplet size, aerosol methods to classify and name the new situation.
4. In accordance with the number of classification measures the amount of fluid spray can be divided into constant, low-volume spray, micro-(ultra-low volume) spraying. However, the division of liquid Shi no uniform standard.
5. By way of classification can be divided into atomized hydraulic sprayers, air sprayers, thermal spray (atomization heat of the smoke) machine, centrifugal spray machine, such as electrostatic sprayer. Pneumatic sprayers often initially generated by the use of high-speed blower gas atomization, droplet size up to about 100 microns, known as indemnity fog machines; has emerged in recent years the use of high-pressure air pump (reciprocating or rotary air compressor) generated by compressed air for atomization, as the exit of high liquid flow rate, the formation and considerable smoke droplet size, referred to as room temperature or cold smoke machine smoke machine. There is also a breeze for orchard spray machines, used to pump liquid into a spray atomizer, and then have a large capacity fan airflow will be sent to the target droplet to droplet transmission even further, and to improve the droplet in the penetrating power and a pair of branches and leaves.
Centrifugal spray machine is the use of high-speed rotation of the wheel or cage, atomized by centrifugal force into the liquid droplet spray machine. Such as hand-held electric centrifugal spray machine, as a result of spraying a small amount of fine droplets can be less liquid facilities in the requested operation. It was this machine called a hand-held spray electrical ultra-low volume sprayer.
The spray droplet can be changed with the control requirements, to control the spray droplet size machine, referred to as controlled droplet sprayer.
In short, the classification of plant protection machinery much more complicated. Often in the name of a machinery, including the classification of the several different integrated. Backpack spray motor spray machines, by carrying on the way includes supporting the principle of power and atomization of a comprehensive three categories.
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